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Sha'ar HaGai
Sha'ar HaGai in Hebrew, or Bab al-Wad in Arabic ((ヘブライ語:שער הגיא) or (ヘブライ語:באב אל-ואד), (アラビア語:باب الواد) or (アラビア語:باب الوادي)), lit. ''Gate of the Valley'' in both languages, is a point on the Tel Aviv-Jerusalem highway, 23 km from Jerusalem, where the road begins to ascend into a gorge between cliffs, named in Arabic Wadi Ali.
==1947–1948 war==
During the 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine and into the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, this area and the nearby police fort at Latrun saw fierce fighting between Arab forces and Jewish convoys on the way to blockaded Jerusalem. Bab al-Wad changed hands between the so-called Arab Liberation Army supported by Arab irregulars, and Jewish Palmach and Haganah units, until April 20 1948, when the Arabs recaptured the heights around Bab al-Wad closing off the Tel Aviv-Jerusalem road.
From mid-May 1948 on, the fort at Latrun, only 2 kilometres west of Bab al-Wad, was held by the very efficient, British-trained and commanded army of Transjordan, the so-called Arab Legion. The Palmach's 10th (Harel) brigade under the command of Lt. Col. Yitzhak Rabin, future prime minister of Israel, managed to capture Bab al-Wad itself, but the road section west of it, controlled from Latrun, remained in Jordanian hands until 1967, cutting off this main access route to Jerusalem. In order to bypass the Arab-held bottleneck, the Israelis constructed the so-called "Burma Road", named after the famous World War II road into China. This very steep bypass road was in use during the first, crucial part of the war, being replaced after just six months by a longer but safer detour route.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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